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Are they supporting a small number of wealthy companies in Silicon Valley? Or are they open to a new army of software developers and software users? Are they a billionaire’s toy for achieving science fiction’s goal of human-level intelligence? Or are they designed to enable practical work that’s highly distributed, both geographically and technologically? The data centers you build so that a small number of companies can allocate millions of A100 GPUs are going to be different from the data centers you build to facilitate thousands of companies serving AI applications to millions of individual users.

The big question, then, is how these models will be used. What happens when AI diffuses through society? Will we finally get “relentlessly human” applications that enrich our lives, that enable us to be more creative? Or will we become further enmeshed in a war for our attention (and productivity) that quashes creativity by offering endless shortcuts?